Iimfumba zokuvavanya phambi kokwakhiwa kwesiseko semfumba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo lwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo. Iziseko zemfumba ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ekwakhiweni ukuxhasa izakhiwo kunye nezinye izakhiwo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezineemeko zomhlaba ezibuthathaka okanye ezingazinzanga. Ukuvavanywa kweemfumba kunceda ukugqiba umthamo wabo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukunyaniseka, kunye nokufaneleka kweemeko ezithile zesayithi, ekugqibeleni ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubude obude besakhiwo.
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuvavanya iimfumba ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kukuvavanya umthamo wazo wokuthwala. Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wemfumba ubhekisela ekukwazini kwayo ukuxhasa ubunzima besakhiwo ekujoliswe ukuba sibambe. Lo ngumba obalulekileyo ekumiseleni inani kunye nohlobo lweemfumba ezifunekayo kwiprojekthi ethile. Ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo zomthwalo kwiimfumba, iinjineli zinokumisela ngokuchanekileyo owona mthwalo uphezulu imfumba nganye inokuxhasa, ibavumela ukuba bayile inkqubo yesiseko ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olufanelekileyo, kukho umngcipheko wokunciphisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo weemfumba, ezinokubangela ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo kunye nokuwa okunokwenzeka.
Ukongeza kumthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, uvavanyo lweemfumba lukwanceda ukuvavanya ingqibelelo kunye nomgangatho weemfumba. Iimfumba ziphantsi kwemikhosi eyahlukeneyo ngexesha lokwakha kunye nobomi besakhiwo, kubandakanywa imithwalo ethe nkqo, imithwalo esecaleni, kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfumba zilungile kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nale mikhosi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwesiseko. Iindlela zokuvavanya ezinje ngovavanyo lwe-sonic echo, ukugawulwa kwe-sonic emngxunyeni, kunye novavanyo lwentembeko kunokubonelela ngemibono exabisekileyo kwimeko yeemfumba, ukuchonga naziphi na iziphene okanye ubuthathaka obunokufuna ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuvavanya iimfumba ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zivavanye ukufaneleka kweemfumba zeemeko ezithile zomhlaba kwindawo yokwakha. Iimpawu zomhlaba zinokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye, kwaye ukuziphatha kweemfumba kuphenjelelwa kakhulu ziimpawu zomhlaba ojikelezileyo. Ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo ezifana novavanyo lomthwalo omileyo, iimvavanyo zomthwalo oguqukayo, kunye novavanyo lwemfezeko, iinjineli zinokuqokelela idatha kunxibelelwano lwemfumba yomhlaba, zibenza bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nohlobo lweemfumba ezinokusetyenziswa kunye nobunzulu ekufuneka zifakwe kuzo. . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemingeni yomhlaba, njengodongwe olubanzi, i-silt ethambileyo, okanye isanti ekhululekile, apho ukusebenza kwenkqubo yesiseko kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kweemfumba.
Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo lweemfumba ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kweekhowudi zokwakha kunye nemimiselo. Amagunya alawulayo ahlala efuna ubungqina besakhono sokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yesiseko ngaphambi kokuba banike imvume yokwakha. Ngokuqhuba uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwemfumba kunye nokubonelela ngamaxwebhu ayimfuneko, abakhi kunye nabaphuhlisi banokubonisa ukuba isiseko esicetywayo sihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela sifumana iimvume eziyimfuneko zokuqhubeka nenkqubo yokwakha. Oku akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo kuphela kodwa kukwanceda ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho zomthetho nezemali ezinxulumene nokungathotyelwa kwemigaqo yolwakhiwo.
Ukongeza kwimiba yobugcisa, iimfumba zokuvavanya phambi kokwakhiwa nazo zibonelela ngeenzuzo zemali. Ngelixa iindleko zokuqala zokuqhuba iimvavanyo zemfumba zinokubonakala ngathi yinkcitho eyongezelelweyo, lutyalo-mali olunexabiso ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokumisela ngokuchanekileyo umthamo wokuthwala imithwalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwabo, umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwesiseko kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokulungiswa nokulungiswa ziyancipha kakhulu. Ngaphaya koko, uvavanyo olululo lwemfumba lunokunceda ekuphuculeni uyilo lwenkqubo yesiseko, okunokukhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko ngokunciphisa inani leemfumba ezifunekayo okanye ngokusebenzisa iintlobo zeemfumba ezineendleko ezingaphezulu ngokusekwe kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zesiza.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uvavanyo lwemfumba ayingomsebenzi wexesha elinye kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo kwisigaba sonke sokwakha. Ngethuba lokufakwa kweemfumba, kubalulekile ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwangempela kweemfumba kuhambelana namaxabiso aqikelelweyo ukusuka kuvavanyo lokuqala. Oku kunokubandakanya ukwenza iimvavanyo ze-pile driving analyzer (PDA), iimvavanyo zemfezeko, okanye ukujonga okuguquguqukayo ukuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha yeengqumba njengoko zifakwayo. Olu vavanyo lwexesha lokwenyani lubonelela ngengxelo exabisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfumba zifakwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye nayiphi na imiba inokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza, kuncitshiswe ukubakho kweengxaki ezizayo.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuvavanywa kweemfumba phambi kokwakhiwa kwesiseko semfumba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, uzinzo, kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwaso nasiphi na isakhiwo. Ngokuvavanya umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokufaneleka kweemfumba zeemeko ezithile zesayithi, iinjineli zinokuyila kunye nokwakha inkqubo yesiseko ehlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kunye neemfuno zokulawula. Ngaphaya koko, uvavanyo olululo lwemfumba lunokukhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kolwakhiwo, kunye nokubonelela ngoxolo lwengqondo kubakhi, abaphuhlisi kunye nabahlali ngokufanayo. Ke ngoko, utyalo-mali kuvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwemfumba ngumba obalulekileyo wayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokwakha ebandakanya iziseko zemfumba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-12-2024