Udonga lomhlaba wesamente luluhlobo olungelulo oluqhelekileyo lwesakhiwo sokuxhasa, olufanele iimeko zomhlaba omxinwa, kwaye alusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zobunjineli ezisebenzayo. Iindonga zomhlaba wesamente zihlala zisetyenziswa kwimingxunya yesiseko somhlaba othambileyo enobunzulu obuncinci. Phantsi kwezi meko, intonga yesamente ayinayo umaleko womhlaba oqinileyo ofanelekileyo, ongenakubonelela ngamandla aneleyo okubambelela, kwaye inkxaso yangaphakathi iya kwandisa ubunzima bokwakha isakhiwo esiphambili esingaphantsi komhlaba. Ngeli xesha, xa uthelekiso olupheleleyo loqoqosho, ixesha lokwakha, ukwenzeka kobugcisa, njl.njl. lulungile kakhulu, iindonga zomhlaba wesamente zihlala zikhethwa njengendlela yokuxhasa. Iindonga zomhlaba wesamente zihlala zisebenzisa iinqwaba zokuxuba, kwaye izinto zodonga ngumhlaba wesamente, onamandla okutyhafa nokucheba aphantsi. Xa zenziwe ngesakhiwo sebhanti, ukusebenza kwazo akulunganga kwaye azinakuthelekiswa nezinto zekhonkrithi. Ke ngoko, kuphela xa zenziwe ngokwesakhiwo esisekelwe kumxhuzulane apho zinokuzuza khona iingenelo ezithile.
Xa kusetyenziswa iindonga zokugcina isamente kwimingxuma yomhlaba osikiweyo kunye nemingxuma yesiseko se-silt, ubunzulu bomngxuma akufuneki budlule kwi-7m. Ngenxa yoyilo olusekelwe kubunzima bomxhuzulane, kufuneka ububanzi bodonga obukhulu. Xa ubunzulu bomngxuma wesiseko bungaphezulu kwe-7m, njengoko ubunzulu bomngxuma busanda, ububanzi nobunzulu bodonga buba bukhulu kakhulu, nto leyo engafanelekanga ngokwezoqoqosho, ngokweendleko zokwakha kunye neshedyuli. Ubunzulu obungonelanga bodonga buya kubangela ukufuduka kunye nokuhlaliswa, ngelixa ububanzi obungonelanga buya kubangela ukuqhekeka okanye ukugumbuqela kodonga. Nangona iindonga zomhlaba wesamente ezineenqwaba zokuxuba zingasetyenziselwa imingxuma yesiseko kwiintlobo zomhlaba ezifana nomhlaba odibeneyo, i-silt, kunye nomhlaba wesanti, kungcono ukukhetha ezinye iindlela zokuxhasa. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, iindonga zomhlaba wesamente ezineenqwaba zokuxuba zisenokusetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo zomhlaba.
Xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sokugcina izinto, kusekho imiba engasonjululwanga okanye ukungabikho kokuqonda okuvuthiweyo nokudibeneyo kuyilo lweendonga zezipikili zomhlaba. Umzekelo, njengesakhiwo, akukho ndlela ipheleleyo yohlalutyo lwesakhiwo lweendonga zezipikili zomhlaba, kwaye iingxaki zoxinzelelo lwezipikili zomhlaba kunye noxinzelelo lwemaleko yomphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza azikasonjululwa. Uyilo lomaleko womphezulu lunokusonjululwa kuphela ngeemfuno zesakhiwo. Imithetho efanelekileyo ichaza iimfuno zokwakhiwa komaleko womphezulu, kodwa inqunyelwe kwimigodi yesiseko enomhlaba ongathambileyo kwaye kungekho emeko yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ngaphakathi kobunzulu be-12m. Ingxaki yokubala ukufuduka kweendonga zezipikili zomhlaba ayisombululwanga ngokusisiseko. Ngenxa yesiqhelo sodonga lwezipikili zomhlaba eTshayina, olungasebenzisi i-prestress kwizipikili zomhlaba, izipikili zomhlaba ziya kufikelela kwinqanaba lazo loxinzelelo lokusebenza emva kokuguqulwa okuthile komgodi wesiseko. Ke ngoko, ngokwethiyori, ukufuduka kunye nokuhlaliswa kweendonga zezipikili zomhlaba kukhulu kakhulu. Xa kukho izakhiwo okanye ezinye izakhiwo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaphazelekileyo kukuguquguquka okujikeleze umngxuma wesiseko, akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa inkxaso yodonga lwezipikili zomhlaba.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-26-2025