1.Umngxuma obukhali wokujika udla ngokubangelwa yi-geology. Ngenxa yenqanaba lokuwohloka komaleko welitye, ukusasazwa kwamatye okungalinganiyo, njl.njl., umbhobho wokugrumba unamathela ngequbuliso xa umqulu oyintloko ufikelela kwindawo ethile emngxunyeni, okanye umbhobho wokugrumba ugoba ngequbuliso kwelinye icala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuphambuka ngequbuliso kwindawo ethile emngxunyeni.
2 Ukuphambuka kancinci Ngokwandiswa komqulu oyintloko kunye nobunzulu bomngxuma, icandelo lokuqala lombhobho wokugrumba liya phambili liye emgqomeni kwaye liphambuke embindini, kwaye icandelo lokuqala lombhobho wokugrumba lihlala lisondela emgqomeni kwicala elinye, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umngxuma uphambuka kancinci kwicala elinye, kwaye okukhona umngxuma usondela uthambekele ecaleni.
3 Ukuphambuka okungacwangciswanga ngombhobho wokugrumba phantsi, umbhobho wokuqala wokugrumba ushukuma ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, okanye ukugrumba emngxunyeni owomileyo kunokujonga ngqo emngxunyeni ngaphandle kokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo okujikelezayo, le meko yokuphambuka ikakhulu yimaleko yelitye egcweleyo neyomeleleyo, ngenxa yamandla angalinganiyo okugrumba umbhobho wokugrumba ukuphambuka okude.1. I-geological geology yeyona nto iphambili yomngxuma ongaphelelanga. Ukuba i-geology yimaleko elahlekileyo kunye nomaleko wodongwe, akuyi kubakho kuphambuka emngxunyeni. Uninzi lwazo lubangelwa lutshintsho lwejoloji kunye nokusasazwa okungalinganiyo kwelitye kunye namatye aguqukileyo, okubangela amandla angalinganiyo ebhakethi yokugrumba ngexesha lokugrumba.2 Umsebenzi ophambili webhakethi yokugrumba kukusika ukugrumba, kodwa ikwanomsebenzi wokukhokela nokuthintela ukuphambuka. Incam yomqhubi weziko lokugrumba inomsebenzi wokubeka indawo, kwaye incam yomqhubi ingatshintsha indlela yokugrumba, inani kunye ne-engile yamazinyo okugrumba Nokuba inqanaba lihambelana, nokuba ukuphakama kwemela esecaleni okanye umcu okhuselayo kumacala omabini omzimba wokugrumba uyafana, ezi nkcukacha zingenza ukugrumba ibhakethi yokugrumba ngasekhohlo nasekunene kusebenze ngokufanayo kwaye kuthintele ukuphambuka.3 Ukusebenza Xa kukho amatye, amatye okukhukuliseka, iingqalutye, iileya zamatye ezigugileyo emngxunyeni, kuyimfuneko ukulawula indlela yokudada kunye neyoxinzelelo, ukuba ukugrumba ngokukhawuleza kuya kubangela umngxuma obukhali wokuphambuka.
Indlela yokuthintela umngxuma ongaphelelanga 1 ukuqonda ubunjineli bophando lwejoloji ngengxelo yejoloji, isampuli engundoqo, imeko-bume yejoloji njalo njalo, ukuqonda okuneenkcukacha ngemeko yejoloji.2 Ngokuqinisekisa okwenyani, ibhakethi kaRoger inokuthintela ukuphambuka okungcono kunebhakethi yesanti esezantsi kabini, kuba ukumelana nokugrumba kwebhakethi kaRoger ger kuncinci, okunokuthintela ngempumelelo umngxuma wokuphambuka kwindlela yokugrumba yomqhubi.3 Lungisa ibhakethi yokugrumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze ibhakethi yokugrumba inciphise ukumelana nokugrumba, ingakumbi incam yomqhubi ophakathi inesiphumo sokuma, esinokuthintela ngempumelelo umngxuma wokuphambuka.4 Umbhobho wokugrumba okhokelayo unokutshixa isilinda somlindi esibude bemitha ezi-2 esihambelana nobubanzi bomngxuma ngaphezulu kombhobho wesikrufu okanye umbhobho wokugrumba osezantsi kabini. Ngokwandisa ukugrumba okhokelayo kumbhobho wokugrumba, le ndlela inokuthintela ngempumelelo umngxuma wokuphambuka.5 Ulawulo lokusebenza oluhambayo, uxinzelelo, isantya kunye nesantya sokugrumba solawulo sinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphambuka.6 Indlela yokugrumba igweba imeko yangoku yejoloji ngokungcangcazela kunye nomthwalo, kwaye itshintsha indlela yokugrumba: njengokusika ukugrumba, ukutyumza ukugrumba, ukuhambisa ukugrumba kunye nokugrumba, kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokugrumba kunokuthintela ngempumelelo umngxuma wokugrumba ongaphelelanga.
Indlela yokulungisa A, umngxuma ogobileyo awunzima, ungalungisa i-rig ukuze uqhubeke nokugrumba. Kwiimeko ezinzima, udongwe kufuneka luzaliswe emva koko lugrumbe emva kokuba luxinene. Musa ukusebenzisa i-impact drill ukulungisa umngxuma ngokuthe ngqo ukuze uphephe ukugrumba. B. Xa ukuphambuka kunganzima kwaye ubunzima bomphezulu welitye bungaphakamanga, sebenzisa i-flat bottom drill bit ukuze ulinganise uze ugrumbe okanye usebenzise i-drill bit encinci ngaphambi kokugrumba. C. Xa ukuphambuka kunzulu kwaye ubunzima bomphezulu welitye buphezulu, inqwaba yokugrumba ikwinqanaba elifanayo lekhonkrithi ngoko nangoko. Xa amandla ekhonkrithi efikelela ngaphezulu kwe-70%, umngxuma omncinci wokugrumba uya kwandiswa; D. Xa ukuphambuka kunzulu kwaye ubungakanani bamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba bungabukhulu, imingxunya esetyenziswa ngesandla ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa umphezulu welitye otyekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-08-2025