Ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kufuna ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa uthutho olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu uye waba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zophuhliso zothutho zanamhlanje, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo kwizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kufuna indibaniselwano yoyilo olutsha, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono ukudala uthungelwano lothutho oluthembekileyo noluhlala ixesha elide.
Esinye sezona zitshixo zobuchwepheshe bokwakha imisele kaloliwe ekhawulezayo kukusebenzisa oomatshini bokubhoboza imisele (TBM). IiTBM ziimatshini ezinkulu ezixhotyiswe ngamavili okusika ajikelezayo agrumba imisele aze afake ulwelo lwemisele ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela yokwakha imisele inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwendalo engqongileyo kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa komhlaba. ITBM inokwemba imisele ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwakha imisele kaloliwe ekhawulezayo.
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni ii-TBM, ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kukwafuna ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo setonela. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokulinganisa eziphambili kunye nokubeka esweni ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zejoloji kunye nozinzo lomhlaba kulo lonke ulwakhiwo. Ngokuhlala ebeka esweni imisebenzi yokwakha iitonela, iinjineli zinokubona ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo setonela kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo.
Ukongeza, iteknoloji yokwakha iitonela zesitimela ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu ikwabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zokufaka iitonela. I-tunnel lining isebenza njengomqobo wokukhusela, inika inkxaso yesakhiwo kwaye ithintele ukungena kwamanzi. Iipaneli ze-tunnel zihlala zisebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi ophucukileyo kunye nokuqinisa intsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nobude bexesha. Ukongeza, i-membrane engangeni manzi kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi zafakwa kuyilo lwe-tunnel ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nokugcina imeko-bume eyomileyo nekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-tunnel.
Ukwakhiwa kweetonela zesitimela ezikhawulezayo kufuna ucwangciso oluchanekileyo kunye nolandelelwano lolwakhiwo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kwimisebenzi kaloliwe ekhoyo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ukwakhiwa kweetonela kunokubandakanya ukuvalwa okwethutyana kwemigca okanye iindlela zikaloliwe ezikhoyo, kunye nokubeka iliso kwingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela ukunciphisa impembelelo kubemi abakufutshane. Ngokuququzelela ngononophelo imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nokusebenzisa amanyathelo okunciphisa asebenzayo, ukwakhiwa kweetonela zesitimela ezikhawulezayo kunokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kuluntu.
Ngamafutshane, iteknoloji yokwakha iitonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo neyintsonkothileyo efuna ubunjineli obuphambili, izixhobo zobungcali kunye nabasebenzi abanobuchule. Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubhoboza iitonela, iinkqubo zokulinganisa eziphambili kunye nokubeka esweni, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nocwangciso oluchanekileyo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni ngempumelelo kweetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili iteknoloji yokwakha, iitonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu ziya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweziseko zophuhliso zothutho zanamhlanje, zibonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba ezikhawulezayo, ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-15-2023