Ukwakhiwa kwamatonela kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu kufuna ubugcisa obuphezulu nobunjineli obuchanekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uthutho olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Uloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu uye waba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zezothutho zale mihla, ukubonelela uhambo olukhawulezayo noluthembekileyo kwizigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezinesantya esiphezulu kufuna indibaniselwano yoyilo oluyilayo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono ukudala uthungelwano lwezothutho oluthembekileyo, oluhlala ixesha elide.
Esinye sezitshixo kubuchwepheshe bokwakha itonela likaloliwe oluhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokubhoresa itonela (TBM). I-TBM ngoomatshini abakhulu abaxhotyiswe ngamavili okusika ajikelezayo agrumba itonela kwaye afake i-tunnel linening ngexesha elinye. Le ndlela yokwakha itonela inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wokuthotywa komhlaba. I-TBM inokwemba amatonela ngokukhawuleza, iyenze ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwakhiwa kwetonela likaloliwe elihamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kwee-TBM, ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezinesantya esiphezulu kukwafuna ukuphunyezwa kobuchule bobunjineli obahlukeneyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe imfezeko yolwakhiwo lweetonela. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa komlinganiselo ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zejoloji kunye nokuzinza komhlaba kulo lonke ukwakhiwa. Ngokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo imisebenzi yokwakhiwa kwetonela, iinjineli ziyakwazi ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na imiba enokubakho kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo setonela kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo.
Ukongeza, iteknoloji yokwakha yeetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu ikwabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zokwaleka kwitonela. Umgca wetonela usebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kunye nokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi. Iintambo zetonela zihlala zisebenzisa imixube yekhonkrithi ephezulu kunye nokuqiniswa kwentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuphila ixesha elide. Ukongezelela, i-membrane engenamanzi kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi ifakwe kwi-tunnel yoyilo lokukhusela ukukhupha amanzi kunye nokugcina indawo eyomileyo nekhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwetonela.
Ukwakhiwa kweetonela zikaloliwe ezinesantya esiphezulu kukwafuna ucwangciso oluchanekileyo kunye nolandelelwano lolwakhiwo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kwimisebenzi kaloliwe esele ikho kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Ukwakhiwa kwetonela kunokubandakanya ukuvalwa okwethutyana kwemizila kaloliwe esele ikho okanye iindlela, kunye nengxolo kunye nokujongwa kokungcangcazela ukunciphisa impembelelo kubahlali abakufutshane. Ngokulungelelanisa ngononophelo imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okunciphisa asebenzayo, ukwakhiwa kweetonela zomzila wesantya esiphezulu kunokuqhubeka nokuphazamiseka okuncinci kuluntu.
Ukushwankathela, ubugcisa bokwakha amatonela kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo neethe-ethe efuna ubunjineli obukumgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo zobuchwephesha kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono. Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini bokudinwa kwetonela, umlinganiselo ophucukileyo kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nocwangciso oluchanekileyo zibalulekile kulwakhiwo oluyimpumelelo lweetonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kobuchwephesha bokwakha, iitonela zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu ziya kuqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iziseko zezothutho zale mihla, zibonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba ezikhawulezayo, ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-15-2023