Udonga lwenqwaba efihlakeleyo luhlobo lwenqwaba ebiyelweyo yomngxuma wesiseko. Inqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kunye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo ziyasikwa kwaye zivalwe, kwaye iinqwaba zicwangciswe ukuze zenze udonga lweenqwaba ezidibeneyo. Amandla okucheba anokudluliselwa phakathi kwenqwaba kunye nenqwaba ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye ngelixa igcina umhlaba, inokudlala indima yokumisa amanzi ngempumelelo, kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinamanzi aphantsi komhlaba aphezulu kunye nendawo emxinwa.
Uyilo lodonga oluyimfihlo lwenqwaba
Ngokwethiyori, ngenxa yokuba inqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo ekufutshane kunye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo inxibelelana ukwenza udonga, inqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo kunye nenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo zidlala isiphumo esidibeneyo xa udonga lwenqwaba luxinezelekile kwaye lukhubazekile. Kwinqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo, ubukho benqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo buyandisa ukuqina kwayo okugobekayo, okunokuqwalaselwa ngendlela efanayo yokuqina ekubaleni xa kusenzeka.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lweprojekthi esebenzayo lubonisa ukuba izinga lokufaka isandla ekuqineni kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo limalunga ne-15% kuphela xa kubonakala imingxunya ezantsi kokumba. Ke ngoko, xa umzuzu wokugoba mkhulu, ukuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo akunakuqwalaselwa; Xa umzuzu wokugoba umncinci, igalelo lokuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi ecacileyo lingaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo xa kubalwa ukuguquka komqolo wenqwaba, kwaye ukuqina kwenqwaba yekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo kungaphindaphindwa yi-coefficient yokuphucula ukuqina kwe-1.1 ~ 1.2.
Ukwakhiwa kodonga oluyimfihlo lwenqwaba
Inqwaba ecacileyo iphoswa ngesamente ebuthathaka kakhulu kwangaphambili. Inxalenye yesamente edibana neenqwaba zesamente ezikufutshane inqunyulwa ngamandla okusikwa kwe-casing drill ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe iinqwaba zesamente ezicacileyo, emva koko iinqwaba zenyama zigalelwa ukuze kubonakale ukuvaleka kweenqwaba ezikufutshane.
Inkqubo yokwakha udonga olunezikhonkwane ezingenanto enye yile ilandelayo:
(a) Ukubhola umqamelo endaweni: Xa udonga lwesikhokelo sokubeka lunamandla aneleyo, sebenzisa i-crane ukuhambisa umqamelo endaweni yawo, kwaye wenze umbindi wesiphatho sombhobho oyintloko ube kwindawo embindini womngxuma wodonga lwesikhokelo.
(b) Ukwakheka komngxuma omnye wenqwaba: Ngokucinezelwa kwecandelo lokuqala lesilinda esikhuselayo (ubunzulu be-1.5m ~ 2.5m), ibhakethi ye-arc ithatha umhlaba kwisilinda esikhuselayo, ibambe umhlaba ngelixa iqhubeka nokucinezela de kube yinxalenye yokuqala icinezelwe ngokupheleleyo (ngokubanzi ishiya i-1m ~ 2m emhlabeni ukuze kube lula ukunxibelelana kwesilinda) ukuze kubonwe ukuba imile kangakanani. Emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo, isilinda yesibini esikhuselayo iqhagamshelwe, njalo njalo kumjikelo de uxinzelelo lufikelele kwindawo esezantsi yenqwaba yoyilo.
(c) Ukuphakamisa ikheyiji yentsimbi: Kwinqwaba B, ikheyiji yokuqinisa kufuneka ibekwe emva kokuba ukuhlolwa komngxuma kuqinisekisiwe. Ngeli xesha, ukuphakama kwekheyiji yokuqinisa kufanele kube ngokuchanekileyo.
(d) ukujova ngesamente: Ukuba kukho amanzi emngxunyeni, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa indlela yokujova ngesamente phantsi kwamanzi; Ukuba akukho manzi emngxunyeni, sebenzisa indlela yokujova ngesamente emngxunyeni owomileyo kwaye unikele ingqalelo ekungcangcazeleni.
(e) Ukutsala idrama ibe yinqwaba: ngelixa uthulula ikhonkrithi, khupha isilinda yokukhusela, kwaye uqaphele ukugcina umzantsi wedrama yokukhusela ungaphantsi kwe-≥2.5m ngaphantsi komphezulu wekhonkrithi.
Inkqubo yokwakha imiqolo yeenqwaba imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kwimiqolo yeenqwaba ezivalekileyo, inkqubo yokwakha yi-A1→A2→B1→A3→B2→A4→B3, njalo njalo.
Izalathi ezingundoqo ezibonakalayo:
Ukumisela ixesha lokulibaziseka kwekhonkrithi kwinqwaba u-A kufuneka kubalwe ixesha lokulibaziseka kwekhonkrithi kwinqwaba u-A ngokwendlela elandelayo emva kokumisela ixesha elifunekayo lokwenza inqwaba enye yeenqwaba u-A no-B:
T=3t+K
Ifomula: K — ixesha elibekiweyo, ngokubanzi yi-1.5t.
Kwinkqubo yokwakheka kwemingxunya yenqwaba B, kuba ikhonkrithi yenqwaba A ayikaqini ngokupheleleyo kwaye isekwimeko yokugeleza kuka-A, ingangena ngokukhawuleza emngxunyeni wenqwaba B isuka kwindawo edibana kuyo inqwaba A kunye nenqwaba B, yenze "ukunyuka kwepayipi". Amanyathelo okuphumelela ngala:
(a) Lawula ukudilika kwekhonkrithi kwinqwaba A ＜14cm.
(b) Ibhokisi mayifakwe ubuncinane kwi-1.5m ngaphantsi komngxuma.
(c) Jonga ukuba umphezulu wekhonkrithi we-pile A uyatshona na ngexesha langempela. Ukuba kufunyenwe ukuhla, ukumba i-pile B kufuneka kumiswe ngoko nangoko kwaye ngelixa ucinezela isilinda yokukhusela kangangoko kunokwenzeka, zalisa umhlaba okanye amanzi kwi-pile B (ulinganise uxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi lwe-pile A) de "ukunyuka kwepayipi" kume.
Ezinye iindlela:
Xa udibana nemiqobo engaphantsi komhlaba, kuba udonga olufihlakeleyo lwenqwaba lusebenzisa isingxobo sentsimbi, umqhubi angawuphakamisa umngxuma ukuze asuse imiqobo xa kufumaniseke ukuba okusingqongileyo kukhuselekile.
Kunokwenzeka ukuthatha ikheyiji yentsimbi ebekwe phantsi xa ukhupha ikheyiji yenqwaba phezulu. Amanyathelo okuthintela anokukhethwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani besuntswana yekhonkrithi ye-post B okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi encinci encinci kunayo inokudityaniswa iye ezantsi kwekheyiji yentsimbi ukwandisa amandla ayo okulwa nokudada.
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kodonga lwenqwaba yesamente, akufuneki siqwalasele nje kuphela ulawulo olucothayo lwexesha lenqwaba yesamente ecacileyo, sinikele ingqalelo kulungiselelo lwexesha lokwakhiwa kwenqwaba yesamente ecacileyo ekufutshane kunye nenqwaba yesamente eqinisiweyo, kodwa sikwalawula nomgangatho othe nkqo wenqwaba, ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba inqwaba yesamente eqinisiweyo ingakwazi ukwakhiwa ngenxa yokukhula okugqithisileyo kwamandla enqwaba yesamente. Okanye ngenxa yokuba ukuphambuka kokuma kwenqwaba yesamente ecacileyo egqityiweyo kukhulu, okubangela imeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesamente kunye nenqwaba yesamente eqinisiweyo, nokuba ukuvuza komngxuma wesiseko, akunakumisa amanzi nokungaphumeleli. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo afanelekileyo okwakhiwa kodonga lwenqwaba yesamente eqingqiweyo, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe iirekhodi zokwakha ukuze kube lula ukwakhiwa okugudileyo. Ukuze kulawulwe ukuchaneka kokwenza umngxuma wenqwaba evalayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha ezinxulumene noko, ulawulo lwenkqubo yonke lokuchaneka kokwenza umngxuma kufuneka lwamkelwe. Iikholamu ezimbini zemigca zinokuxhonywa kumatshini wokwenza inqwaba ukulawula ukuma kodonga lwangaphandle lwesilinda sokukhusela esisezantsi-emantla nasempuma-ntshona kwaye i-clinometer ezimbini zingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuma komngxuma. Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha xa kufunyenwe ukuphambuka.
Ngokufanayo nokwakhiwa kodonga oluqhubekayo olungaphantsi komhlaba, ukuze kwakhiwe udonga oluyimfihlo olunezikhewu ezipheleleyo, kukwafuneka kwenziwe udonga olukhokelayo ngaphambi kokugqobhoza inqwaba, oluye lwanelisa ulawulo lwendawo yeplane yenqwaba ebotshiweyo kwaye lwasebenza njengeqonga loomatshini bokwakha ukuthintela ukudilika komngxuma, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqhekeza lenqwaba yodonga oluyimfihlo lithe tye, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-drill eyimfihlo epheleleyo. Iimfuno zokwakha zodonga olukhokelayo zinokubonwa kwiimfuno ezifanelekileyo zodonga oluyimfihlo olungaphantsi komhlaba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-17-2023